Ocean wave energy is a vast, renewable resource with the potential to significantly contribute to global energy demands. However, despite decades of research and development, Wave Energy Converters (WECs) remain underutilised, especially in regions like the Caribbean, where wave activity is abundant and relatively consistent. Caribbean nations, which largely depend on imported fossil fuels, face high energy costs and vulnerabilities in energy security. Harnessing wave energy in this region could offer a sustainable and locally sourced alternative.

 

However, the primary obstacles to the widespread adoption of WECs lie in the complexity, cost, and mechanical vulnerability of existing designs. Many conventional devices rely on intricate moving parts, are difficult to maintain in marine environments, and often struggle with efficiency due to the irregular and multidirectional nature of ocean waves. Additionally, environmental impact, scalability, and survivability in extreme weather conditions further complicate implementation.

 

This study introduces the siphonic wave energy device as a novel solution that merges the strengths of both onshore and nearshore systems while addressing their limitations. Using a self-starting siphon mechanism, the device captures ocean waves and leverages internal pressure differentials to initiate and sustain flow to improve energy efficiency. This enables energy extraction even under moderate wave conditions, without the need for extensive civil works or mechanically complex components. The system’s passive operation and scalable design allow for deployment in a wider range of coastal environments, including shallow shores common throughout the Caribbean.

 

By addressing the core limitations of conventional wave energy devices—namely cost, reliability, and adaptability—the siphonic wave energy device presents a regionally relevant and technically promising approach to clean power generation. This research positions the siphonic system as an innovative advancement in wave energy technology, particularly suited for the practical needs and energy transition goals of small island developing states.