Energy Management Smart EVs Charging Station
Smart Charging is a strategy of intelligently managing EV charging so it doesn’t overload or destabilize the utility grid.
Normally, EVs simply plug-in and charge, taking as much energy from the grid as they need to. However, smart charging allows utility grid operators to optimize energy flow into EVs. In other words, they can regulate energy intake according to peaks and valleys in energy demand. This means they can provide more reliable services to their customers.
Smart chargers ‘communicate’ with the cars they are plugged into, the utility provider, and the charging point owner through data connections. Through these data connections, charging operators can measure and manage energy usage and power levels. As a result, smart charging enables grid operators to develop smart energy management system that can minimize future surges in demand for EV charging and reducing power shortages and providing energy whenever needed despite unanticipated spikes in demand.
Renewable Hybrid Distributed Green Power and Electric Energy Systems
The proposed research plan encompasses areas of electrical energy conservation, electro technology, protection, control, and renewable energy utilization.
The research objective is to design, prototype, test and validate a number of small scale stand-alone and grid connected low cost photovoltaic, wind, small hydro, micro gas turbines and hybrids with new interface power electronic converters, associated maximum power control automation and energy monitoring systems.
The research deals with four areas:
- Automation and control for maximum energy utilization;
- Energy control/energy conservation;
- Grid utility interface security and power quality; and
- Hybrid renewable systems (PV, wind, diesel, small hydro, hydrogen, etc.).
The need to utilize abundant renewable and sustainable photovoltaic, wind, small hydro and other bio-diesel, fuel cell and hydrogen technology is increasing due to the massive shortage of fossil energy as a result of depleting established resources, economic cost and environmental pollution concerns.
Wind and photovoltaic solar energy are emerging as the key sustainable and renewable energy resources of the near future, furnishing the basis for sustainable distributed and dispersed electrical energy systems that can be the answer to remote isolated areas and developing countries.
The research will investigate Novel AI based Soft Computing Control Strategies and Interface Schemes for Green Energy/Renewable Systems using voltage source power electronic converter topologies to ensure maximum energy utilization, while adhering to the electric grid utility safety, power quality (PQ) standards and protection coordination issues. The research will use flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) in the area of distributed power generation systems (DPGS) stability, security and efficient utilization.
Micro-Power Distributed Generation (MPDG)
Because of the increased of awareness of environmentally-related pollution issues, it becomes, more and more difficult to find new sites for the construction of new power plants. Power plants must now be located in remote areas some hundreds of kilometers away from the urban core. Consequently, enormous loss of electric power in transmission and distribution occurs, and since it is actually difficult to utilize waste heat of power plants, the present electric power supply systems has a big problem from the aspect of effective utilization of energy.
The important of distributed power generation has been raised. The potential economic and environmental opportunities provided by micro-power distributed generation (MPDG) are recognized for some years. It has found application in hotels, apartment buildings, office building, hospital, nursing homes, laundries, retail stores, and small industrial manufactures.
The proposed research work involves the development of micro-power distributed and dispersed generation systems. A micro-power distributed generation system contains combinations of small wind turbines, small hydro turbines, micro turbines and fuel cells that are connected to the grid and are located in close proximity to energy users. Micro-power distributed generation systems offer secure and expanded fuel options with low or zero gas emissions.
As an emerging technology, distributed power generation is at an early stage of development. There are technical issue associated with the development of low cost MPDG systems, and the integration of MPDG systems with the existing power grid. The issue of cost effectiveness is to resolved using recent advances in power electronic and MPDG technologies for implementing an energy control and communication system that interfaces seamlessly with each of the automation systems of individual generation units.
Novel modulated Power Filters for Power Quality PQ Enhancement in Green Energy and Drive Systems
The research project provides a novel flexible FACTS based power quality enhancement mitigate solutions through controlled Modulated Power Filter Compensator.
The project deals with the effect of MPFC on power quality and system stability when applied to three-phase induction motors and micro-cogeneration systems powering permanent magnet dc motors of different sizes for different purposes including vehicle wheels and water pumps.
The MPFC is a low-cost self-adjusting device that is controlled by a tri-loop error driven regulator. The use of MPFC family of Modulated filters result in power quality enhancement and better dynamic stability for various systems, improving power factor and resulting in more efficient energy utilization (energy conservation). MPFC can be applied to three-phase motorized loads to improve the power factor at both the supply and load sides, reduce harmonics and save energy. Moreover, MPFC can be very viable low cost efficient to damp inrush transients and compensate for power cuts in micro cogeneration systems (hybrid system of fuel cells and dc batteries) providing better dynamic stability and lower power consumption.
Other FACTS based topologies and novel VSC-Voltage Source Converters include hybrid active power filters, Dual action combined filters, compensators for voltage stabilization, energy efficient, reduction utilization and feeder loss.
"Applications of Artificial Intelligent AI techniques such as Particle Swarm Optimization PSO and Genetic Algorithm GA in Renewable/Distributed Energy Systems and Electro-Technology”
The research investigates AI soft computing applications in renewable distributed energy systems and electro-technology. The renewable energy conversion schemes consist of Wind/ Wave/Tidal/ Photovoltaic / Hydrogen fuel cell systems in a hybrid structure to supply electrical energy for stand-alone or utility connected loads. Most efficient applications for Wind/PV systems are in HVAC, pumping, air-conditioning and village electricity. Fuel cells are mostly preferred in base-load utility power plants, cellular phone power, electrically-powered vehicles, emergency backup power, off-grid power storage, and portable electronics.
The renewable energy schemes include:
- Wind energy conversion schemes for coastal areas.
- Photovoltaic (PV) battery powered pump for irrigation, green house agricultural applications, residential and remote devices.
- Fuel cells for electrically powered vehicles, off-grid power storage and portable electronics
- Hybrid micro grid wind/photovoltaic/hydrogen/fuel cells renewable energy schemes distributed energy systems and electro-technology.
The research proposes the optimal scheme topology, controller structure and interface converter for:
- maximum energy utilization;
- low cost implementation;
- minimum impact on Host Electric Utility;
- Power Quality and Harmonic Mitigation;
- Robust dynamic control to minimize the impact of the renewable energy source on the host electrical grid or satisfactory performance for standalone operation.
The novel control schemes include multi-loop dynamic error driven PI controllers for maintaining power quality, system stability and operational improvements. The stand alone wind scheme is fitted with novel Pulse Width Modulated Scheme PWM, while the photovoltaic (PV) / Battery Unit is fully controlled for combining maximum available PV solar energy utilization. Matching criteria will be utilized to ensure a fully integrated hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell renewable, low cost, and low maintenance functional system design.
